Associations between Sociodemographic and Behavioral Variables and Educational Practices on Mother-Child Dyads

The association between the sociodemographic variables of children with behavior problems and mothers with maternal depression is widely acknowledged in the literature. However, there is a lack of studies addressing the association of these variables with maternal parenting practices in typical samples, i.e., children without behavior problems and mothers without current depression indicators. The aim of this study was to identify associations between the sociodemographic variables of children and mothers with the mothers' parenting practices and children's behavioral indicators (resources and problems) in a sample of children without behavior problems and mothers without current depression indicators. This quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study addressed 46 biological mothers (married or in a stable relationship) and their children. A sociodemographic questionnaire and validated instruments addressing child behavior, maternal mental health, and parenting practices were applied. Findings showed that the mothers did not present mental health problems (e.g., behavior problems or maternal depression), but a) they presented deficits of positive practices and an excess of negative practices, and the children displayed deficits in social skills and behavior problems; b) there was an association between positive practices and the children's social skills and between negative practices and children's behavior problems; c) the frequency of positive and negative practices was equivalent among boys and girls, and d) boys more frequently presented behavior problems while school-aged children more frequently presented social skills deficits. The results indicate that even non-clinical samples may present harmful parenting practices, excess negative practices, and deficits in positive practices. Hence, there is a need for timely interventions to prevent behavior problems among children and maternal depression arising from conflicting interactions in the parenthood sphere.

Las asociaciones de variables sociodemográficas de madres con depresión materna y de sus hijos con problemas comportamentales son ampliamente reconocidas en la literatura. Por otro lado, en muestras típicas existe un vacío de estudios que traten de las asociaciones de esas variables con las prácticas parentales maternas; o sea, en niños de corta edad sin problemas comportamentales y en madres sin indicadores de depresión actual. Considerando lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar las asociaciones entre las variables sociodemográficas de hijos y de las prácticas parentales de sus madres con los indicadores comportamentales de recursos y problemas de los hijos. Se utilizó una muestra de hijos sin problemas comporta-mentales y de madres sin indicadores de depresión actual. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. Participaron 46 madres biológicas que vivían con su pareja y sus hijos. Las participantes respondieron al cuestionario sobre variables sociodemográficas y a los instrumentos calibrados sobre comportamientos infantiles, salud mental materna y prácticas educativas. Se identificó que: (a) a pesar de no presentar problemas de salud mental (problemas de comportamiento y depresión materna), las madres evidenciaron un déficit de prácticas positivas y un exceso de prácticas negativas; a su vez, los hijos presentaron déficit de habilidades sociales y hubo quejas comportamentales; (b) se encontró asociación entre las prácticas positivas y las habilidades sociales; también se encontró asociación entre las prácticas negativas y las quejas comportamentales; (c) las prácticas positivas y negativas ocurrieron de manera equivalente entre niños y niñas; y (d) los niños tuvieron más quejas comportamentales; además, los hijos, en edad escolar, tuvieron más déficits de habilidades sociales. Los datos indican que inclusive en muestras no clínicas existen variables de riesgo en lo que se refiere a la parentalidad, a excesos de prácticas negativas y a déficits de prácticas positivas. Lo encontrado sugiere la necesidad de intervenir precozmente, para evitar el surgimiento de problemas de comportamiento infantil y también de la depresión materna, cuando esta proviene de interacciones de conflictos en el ambiente de la parentalidad.

Atención farmacéutica en pacientes con inmunodeficiencia adquirida y/o tuberculosis en el área ambulatoria de un hospital pediátrico / Pharmacovigilance in patients with acquired immunodeficiency and/or tuberculosis in the outpatient area of a pediatric hospital

La Atención farmacéutica (AF) ayuda a los pacientes a alcanzar objetivos terapéuticos reduciendo los problemas relacionados al medicamento (PRM). Objetivos: analizar los PRM en la práctica de la AF a pacientes con inmunodeficiencia adquirida (IDA) y/o tuberculosis (TBC) y evaluar su impacto. Método: estudio, descriptivo, observacional, en el área ambulatoria de Farmacia. Se incluyeron pacientes con IDA y/o TBC con: inicio de tratamiento, polifarmacia, reinternaciones frecuentes, regular/mala adherencia, reacciones adversas a medicamentos (RAM) previas y/o comorbilidades. Se entrevistaron pacientes o cuidadores y se registraron PRM, errores, grados de adherencia y conocimiento farmacoterapéutico, retiro oportuno de medicamentos y parámetros clínicos. Se registró la intervención farmacéutica y entregó material educativo. Se repitieron las mediciones en una segunda entrevista. Resultados: Se estudiaron 54 pacientes (28 con IDA y 26 con TBC). Se realizaron 93 intervenciones (29.9% dirigidas al prescriptor, 27.8% a otros profesionales) y se detectaron 8 RAM y 53 errores (28 IDA y 25 TBC), el principal PRM fue la mala/regular adherencia con bajo porcentaje de conocimiento farmacoterapéutico completo. Después de la AF, en IDA el grado de adherencia tuvo una mejora estadísticamente significativa (p= 0.012), también fue significativa la mejora en el retiro oportuno de la medicación (28.6% a 71.4% p=0.005 IDA). Se obtuvieron resultados favorables de carga viral (CV) en 72% pacientes con IDA y aumento de peso en 92% pacientes con TBC, aunque no fueron estadísticamente significativos. Conclusiones: mediante AF se mejoró la adherencia y la comunicación en pacientes pediátricos con IDA y/o TBC (AU)

Pharmacovigilance (PV) helps patients achieve therapeutic goals by reducing drug-related problems (DRP). Objectives: to analyze DRPs in the practice of PV in patients with acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS) and/or tuberculosis (TB) and to evaluate its impact. Methods: A descriptive, observational study was conducted in the outpatient pharmacy area. Patients with AIDS and/or TB with: treatment initiation, polypharmacy, frequent readmissions, regular/poor adherence, previous adverse drug reactions (ADR) and/or comorbidities were included. Patients or caregivers were interviewed, and DRP, errors, adherence and pharmacotherapeutic knowledge, timely drug withdrawal, and clinical parameters were recorded. The pharmaceutical intervention was recorded and educational material was delivered. Measurements were repeated in a second interview. Results: We studied 54 patients (28 with AIDS and 26 with TB). Ninety-three interventions were performed (29.9% addressed to the drug prescriber, 27.8% to other professionals) and 8 ADRs and 53 errors were detected (28 AIDS and 25 TB). The main DRP was poor/regular adherence together with a low level of complete pharmacotherapeutic knowledge. After PV, in patients with AIDS the degree of adherence statistically significantly improved (p= 0.012). The improvement in timely medication withdrawal was also significant (28.6% vs. 71.4% p=0.005 AID). Favorable viral load results were obtained in 72% of patients with AIDS and weight gain in 92% of patients with TB, although they were not statistically significant. Conclusions: PV improved adherence and communication in pediatric patients with AIDS and/or TB (AU)

Microplásticos en la sardina Sardinella aurita (Teleostei: Clupeidae) en Sucre, Venezuela / Microplastics in the sardine Sardinella aurita (Teleostei: Clupeidae) in Sucre, Venezuela

Resumen Introducción: La creciente presencia de plásticos en los ecosistemas acuáticos ha sido considerada como un problema ambiental emergente global. Existen estudios que han demostrado que los microplásticos pueden ser ingeridos por una variedad de organismos acuáticos. La variabilidad natural e importancia del recurso sardina, son razones suficientes para evaluar la presencia de estas partículas en el contenido estomacal, y así generar información acerca de las implicaciones de ingestión de estos contaminantes emergentes. Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia de microplásticos en el contenido estomacal de la sardina y su correlación con la condición fisiológica y reproductiva de los peces estudiados. Metodología: Se evaluaron un total de 800 sardinas, entre abril y mayo del 2022. Se midieron las variables morfométricas longitud total y peso, se determinó el factor de condición y el índice gonadosomático. Se extrajo el tracto digestivo y se determinó el peso del estómago lleno y vacío, además del peso del contenido estomacal para determinar el índice de repleción y vacuidad. Las variables determinadas se correlacionaron con la abundancia de microplásticos. El contenido estomacal fue procesado para extraer los microplásticos y caracterizarlos de forma física. Resultados: El índice de repleción presentó diferencias mensuales; su promedio fue de 0.311. El índice de vacuidad promedio fue de 0.276. La abundancia de microplásticos promedio fue 3 066 ítems, con diferencias mensuales e interacción con respecto al sexo y una frecuencia de aparición de 70.125 %, con un total de 2 402 fibras y 57 fragmentos. Las fibras negras fueron las más abundantes (947 ítems). Encontramos correlaciones bajas y positivas entre la abundancia de microplásticos, el índice gonadosomático y el peso de los organismos. Conclusiones: Estos resultados no pueden ser concluyente con respecto a las consecuencias causadas por este contaminante emergente. Mas estudios son necesarios, incluyendo ensayos de laboratorios con metodologías estandarizadas.

Abstract Introduction: The increasing presence of plastics in aquatic ecosystems has been considered as an emerging global environmental problem. Studies have shown that microplastics can be ingested by a variety of aquatic organisms. The natural variability and importance of the sardine resource are sufficient reasons to evaluate the presence of these particles in stomach contents, and thus generate information about the ingestion implications of these emerging contaminants. Objective: To evaluate the presenc e of microplastics in the stomach contents of sardines and their correlation with the physiological and reproductive condition of the fish studied. Methodology: We evaluated a total of 800 sardines between April and May 2022. We measured total length and weight, and determined the condition factor and the gonadosomatic index. We removed the digestive tract and weighed the stomach both empty and full, as well as the stomach contents to determine the repletion and emptiness index. We correlated the determined variables with the abundance of microplastics. We extracted microplastics and characterized them physically. Results: The filling index presented monthly differences with an average of 0.311. The average vacancy index was 0.276. The average abundance of microplastics was 3 066 items, with monthly differences and interaction with respect to sex and a frequency of appearance of 70.125 %, with a total of 2 402 fibers and 57 fragments. Black fibers were the most abundant (947 items). Low and positive correlations were found between the abundance of microplastics, the gonadosomatic index and the weight of the organisms. Conclusions: These results cannot be conclusive as to the consequences caused by this emerging pollutant. Further study is necessary, including laboratory tests with standardized methodologies.

Social skills, behavioral problems, and academic competence of students with intellectual disabilities / Habilidades sociais, problemas de comportamento e competência acadêmica de alunos com deficiência intelectual / Habilidades sociales, problemas de conducta y competencia académica de estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual

This study had as general objective to characterize and associate social skills, behavior problems, and academic competence of students with intellectual disabilities in school inclusion and; as specific objectives to verify predictive values for social skills and differences between groups diagnosed with intellectual disability and other associated diagnoses. This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational, predictive, and comparative study. Forty-four students with intellectual disability participated (11 of them presented other associated diagnoses), who were evaluated by 42 guardians and 34 teachers. The instruments used were Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR) and the Parental Educative Social Skills Interview Script (RE-HSE-P). The evaluation from guardians and teachers were different. Social skills were negatively associated with behavior problems and positively associated with academic competence; behavior problems and diagnosis were negative predictors to social skills. There were significant differences in the groups. The results highlight the importance of intervention programs to develop social skills.(AU)

O estudo teve como objetivo geral caracterizar e associar habilidades sociais, problemas de comportamento e competência acadêmica de alunos com deficiência intelectual em inclusão educacional e; como objetivos específicos verificar valores preditivos para habilidades sociais e diferenças entre grupos com diagnóstico de deficiência intelectual somente e com outros diagnósticos associados. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo, correlacional, preditivo e comparativo. Participaram 44 alunos com deficiência (11 apresentavam outros diagnósticos associados), que foram avaliados por 42 responsáveis e 34 professoras. Os instrumentos utilizados foram Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR) e Roteiro de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais (RE-HSE-P). A avaliação de responsáveis e professores foi diferente. Habilidades sociais foram negativamente associadas aos problemas de comportamento e positivamente associadas a competência acadêmica; problemas de comportamento e diagnósticos associados foram preditores negativos de habilidades sociais. Houve diferença significativa entre grupos. Resultados evidenciam a importância de programas para promoção de habilidades sociais.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo general caracterizar y asociar las habilidades sociales, los problemas de conducta y la competencia académica de estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual en la inclusión escolar; y como objetivos específicos verificar los valores predictivos de las habilidades sociales y las diferencias entre grupos diagnosticados con discapacidad intelectual y otros diagnósticos asociados. Se trató de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo, correlacional, predictivo y comparativo. Participaron 44 estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual (11 de ellos presentaban otros diagnósticos asociados), quienes fueron evaluados por 42 tutores y 34 docentes. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Sistema de Evaluación de Habilidades Sociales (SSRS-BR) y el Guion de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociales para Educación de los Padres (RE-HSE-P). Las evaluaciones de los tutores y docentes fueron diferentes. Las habilidades sociales se asociaron negativamente con problemas de conducta y positivamente con la competencia académica; los problemas de conducta y el diagnóstico fueron predictores negativos de las habilidades sociales. Hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Los resultados destacan la importancia de los programas de intervención para desarrollar habilidades sociales con la población estudiada.(AU)

Propuesta de modificaciones a la tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades / A Proposal of Modifications to the Technology for Determining Problems and Potentialities

Introducción: Para el desarrollo de la investigación científica, la educación médica ha asumido supuestos que conforman la Teoría de la Educación Avanzada, entre los que se encuentran la Tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades, descrita por reconocidos pedagogos cubanos. Objetivo: Proponer modificaciones a la Tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades. Métodos: Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: sistematización, histórico-lógico, sistémico estructural, funcional, análisis documental, concreción-abstracción y modelación. Resultados: Los autores realizaron modificaciones a la Tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades en el primer, quinto, sexto y séptimo pasos, con dos acercamientos al objeto de estudio desde lo genérico y holístico a lo particular, de la aproximación al análisis profundo. Se introdujo en la práctica mediante su utilización en una tesis, defendida en 2021, para optar por el título de Doctor en Ciencias de la Educación Médica. Conclusiones: La Tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades con modificaciones demuestra la flexibilidad y posibilidad de aplicación de la tecnología inicial en otras ciencias, a partir de modificaciones que pudieran introducirse de acuerdo con sus particularidades y complejidades. Esta innovación tecnológica se propone para el desarrollo de la investigación científica en las ciencias de la educación médica con vista a abordar, con un enfoque holístico, sus objetos de estudio y campos de acción(AU)

Introduction: For the development of scientific research, medical education has taken assumptions that make up the theory of advanced education, among which is the technology for determining problems and potentialities, described by renowned Cuban pedagogues. Objective: To propose modifications to the technology for determining problems and potentialities. Methods: Theoretical methods were used: systematization, historical-logical, structural-systemic, functional, documentary analysis, concretion-abstraction, and modeling. Results: The authors made modifications to the technology for determining problems and potentialities in the first, fifth, sixth and seventh steps, with two approaches to the object of study from the generic and holistic to the particular, from approximation to profound analysis. It was introduced into practice through its use in a thesis, defended in 2021, to opt for the degree of doctor of Medical Education Sciences. Conclusions: The technology for determining problems and potentialities with modifications shows the flexibility and possibility of application of the initial technology into other sciences, from modifications that could be introduced according to their particularities and complexities. This technological innovation is proposed for the development of scientific research in the sciences of medical education, in view of approaching, with a holistic perspective, its objects of study and fields of action(AU)

Economic Conditions Of Auto Drivers In Mysore City - An Analytical Study

The changes in socio-economic and technological factors have caused auto drivers in Mysore city, as well as other cities in India, to experience a variety of economic challenges. The current study work explores the economic issues vehicle drivers in Mysore City experience, as well as the elements that contribute to these issues. A survey of 80 Auto drivers in Mysore city served as the basis for the study. The results indicate that drivers of autos have a range of financial issues, including poor pay, high operating costs, competition from cab services that operate through apps and a lack of social security benefits. The study finishes with suggestions for legislative changes to enhance the financial circumstances of Mysore city's auto drivers. The study identifies the serious economic issues that affect Mysore city's auto drivers and makes recommendations for potential policy changes that the government may take to help them. Policymakers can guarantee that auto drivers can continue to offer residents vital transport services while also raising their level of life by addressing these issues.

Study of musculoskeletal problems among long-term computer users in Ahmedabad City

Background: COVID-19 made many changes in life of persons and even after post COVID era these changes are integral to our life. Some of the changes were online classes, work from home, and online gaming. Computer work leads to static position of neck, shoulders, and upper limbs for extended hours. This leads to higher risk of developing visual, musculoskeletal and psychological problems. Aims and Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine prevalence of musculoskeletal health disorders, assess work distribution, and their probable interaction with musculoskeletal health problems in computer users of Ahmedabad city. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of 1-year time among 800 participants to study the musculoskeletal problems among computer users. Results: Out of 800 participants, 76.75% of participants had any computer related musculoskeletal problem. If participants work more than 4 h in a single spell prevalence of musculoskeletal problems was 82.95%. Regular exercise has significant role in preventing computer-related musculoskeletal problems. Conclusion: Computer-related musculoskeletal problems have relation with number of hours spent in single spell, total daily working hours, and years of computer-related work.

Clinical Profile and Quality of Life of Incident Hemodialysis Patients

Hemodialysis is the most commonly used treatment modality for end stage renal disease. A 6 months observational study was conducted in the Dialysis unit of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal to study the clinical profile, quality of life with the help of KDQoL SF 36 questionnaire and factors affecting quality of life of hemodialysis patients. A total of 45 participants were included who initiated dialysis in the year 2018 and 2019 and were receiving dialysis in our hospital. Out of 45 participant 77.8% were males and 22.2% were females, the mean age was 55.29 (11.29) years. 23 patient-initiated dialysis in the year 2018 22 patients-initiated dialysis in the year 2019. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases in this population were found to be 95.2%, 35.6% and 8.9% respectively. The mean scores of the sub scales were analyzed with the help of scoring manual and descriptive statistics. In the result it was found the hemoglobin, intradialytic weight gain were found to be positively correlated with the Physical component summary (PCS) and Mental component summary (MCS). Effects of kidney disease was found to be very strongly and positively correlated with dialysis vintage. In the result of the study due to its smaller population we cannot determine more factors which were affecting the Quality of life scores.

Reproductive Tract Infection : Challenges to Health Policy and Education, Research and Impact on the Socio-economic Situation of Indians

Background : Reproductive Tract Infection (RTI) due to poor hygiene caused by faecal Bacteria or viruses which goes into the vaginal canal during and after defecation is not only damaging to the reproductive organ, but also causes indirect or direct impact on Socio-economic status of the patient and their family as well. Objective : This study highlights the importance of faecal hygiene in preventing damage to the reproductive tract and curbing the impact on social and economic problems in patients and their families. Materials and Methods : This study was conducted at GICE Nursing Home, Kalyani, Nadia, WB, between April 2016 and March, 2022. During this period, 11,872 cases were reported at GICE Nursing Home of which 10,000 cases were selected. Discussion : It was interesting to observe that those who wipe from back to front or vice versa are more likely suffering from Vaginitis (85%), Cervicitis (92%), Endometritis (55%), PID (60%), UTI (70%) and Tubal Block (17%) as compared to those who used Hand shower (10%) or Tissue Paper (9%). This is an indication that proper faecal hygiene can prevent damage to the reproductive system. Further analysis revealed that the inability to pay for medical expenses created a Socio-economic crisis among family members. Conclusion : It is concluded from this study that maintenance of proper faecal hygiene by women in Rural, Urban and Industrial areas, can not only help with prolonged illnesses but also prevent financial losses. As a result, Guardians, Teachers, Health Care Providers and Local Government should conduct outreach programs to teach the importance of faecal hygiene at home, in Schools, Colleges, Public health institutions and so on, etc

The role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Introduction: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has genetic and environmental aetiological factors. There are few publications on the environmental factors. The objective of this review is to present the role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of ADHD. Methods: A search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, ClinicalKey, EMBASE, Lilacs, OVID, APA and PsycNET. English and Spanish were selected without being limited by type of study or year of publication. Finally, a qualitative synthesis was conducted. Results: ADHD development could be related to exposure to adverse factors in the family, school or social environment. It has been proposed as an explanatory mechanism that adversity interacts with genetic variants and leads to neurobiological changes. There may also be a gene-environment correlation whereby individual hereditary characteristics increase the risk of exposure to adversity, and indirectly increase the probability of developing ADHD. Research on psychosocial adversity represents a big challenge, not only due to the complexity of its construct, but also to the effect of subjective perception of a given event. Conclusions: ADHD aetiology is complex and involves the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors, in which these factors correlate and cause the disorder. The study of the role of psychosocial adversity in ADHD is fundamental, but it remains a task that entails great difficulties.

Introducción: El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) tiene factores etiológicos genéticos y ambientales. Hay pocas publicaciones acerca de los factores ambientales. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar el papel de la adversidad psicosocial en la etiología y el curso del TDAH. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, ScienceDi-rect, SciELO, ClinicalKey, EMBASE, Lilacs, OVID, APA y PsycNET. Se seleccionaron artículos en inglés y español sin limitar por tipo de estudio o año de publicación. Finalmente, se hizo una síntesis cualitativa. Resultados: El desarrollo del TDAH podría estar relacionado con la exposición a factores adversos en el entorno familiar, escolar o social. Se ha propuesto como mecanismo explicativo que la adversidad interactúa con variantes genéticas y conduce a cambios neurobiológicos. También puede haber una correlación entre gen y ambiente, en la que las características hereditarias individuales aumentan el riesgo de exposición a la adversidad e indirectamente aumentan la probabilidad de sufrir TDAH. La investigación sobre la adversidad psicosocial representa un gran desafío no solo por la complejidad de su constructo, sino también por el efecto de la percepción subjetiva sobre un evento determinado. Conclusiones: La etiología del TDAH es compleja y factores genéticos y ambientales presentan una interacción en la que estos factores se correlacionan y originan el trastorno. El estudio del papel de la adversidad psicosocial en el TDAH es fundamental, pero sigue siendo una tarea que conlleva grandes dificultades.

PROBLEMS FACED BY KGBV TEACHERS OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH

KGBV is playing a tremendous role in increasing Girl's education in India. The role of the teachers working in various KGBVs is very vital in providing quality education to the students studying in these institutions. Therefore, the problems faced by them should be identified in time and be addressed properly. As all of us know that educated girls are the weapons who yield positive impacts on our day today society through their contribution at home and professional fields. There are number of reasons of backwardness of our economy in the society as well. This papers deals with the problems faced by KGBV teachers of East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh.

A Study of Post Insertion Problems in Removable Partial Dentures in Kashmiri Population – A Survey Based Research

The aim of this study is to collect data of various post insertion problems in removable partial dentures which were examined in the department of prosthodontics in government dental college srinagar. Around 200 patients were included in the study . The various problems that could be found in removable partial dentures include pain, discomfort, inflammatory conditions, problems in speech, loose dentures, occlusal problems, difficulty in deglutition, residual ridge resorption and altered taste perception.

Serum Occludin and Zonulin Levels in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Healthy Controls

Objective: To evaluate zonulin and occludin levels, potentially associated with immunological pathways in the gut-brain axis, in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: We examined the association between serum levels of zonulin and occluding, and behavioral/emotional problems in children with ADHD. 40 medicationnaïve children meeting Diagnostic and statistical (DSM-5) criteria for ADHD (11 females; mean (SD) age 9.4 (1.6) years) and 39 healthy comparisons (12 females; mean (SD) age 9.3 (1.9) years) were studied. Serum zonulin and occludin levels were measured by (ELISA). Result: We found higher mean (SD) serum zonulin levels [37.1 (28.2) vs 8.1 (4.5) ng/mL; P<0.001) and occludin levels [2.4 (1.6) vs 0.6 (0.4) ng/mL; P<0.001] in the ADHD group compared to control group. Serum zonulin levels had a positive correlation with weight (r=0.452; P=0.003) and BMI (r=0.401; P=0.01) among children with ADHD. Serum zonulin and occludin levels also had a positive correlation with Conners parent rating scale scores (r=0.58; P<0.001), and Strengths and difficulties questionnaire scores (r=0.49; P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age, sex, weight, conduct problems and oppositional sub-scores were significant predictors of increased serum zonulin levels. Conclusion: These data confirm an association between ADHD, and serum zonulin and occludin levels. Pathophysiological and clinical significance of these findings needs to be elucidated.

The Bidimensional Model of Mental Health: an empirical approach in a general population sample / El Modelo Bidimensional de Salud Mental: una aproximación empírica en una muestra de la población general

Background: Comprehensive mental health research is proposed as an important resource for individual well-being, as opposed to indicators of psychopathology. Objectives: We present an approach to the Bidimensional Model of Mental Health (BDSM) that considers psychological distress and subjective well-being as two separate but related dimensions. Methods: In a sample of 290 adults from the community, with 55.2% women and a mean age of 28.6 (Dt = 12.0). Results: The continuous results confirm a two-dimensional structure of psychopathology (PS) and subjective well-being (BS). The proposed model proposes classification into four groups according to the above result, namely, complete mental health (high BS, low PS, 62.2%), vulnerable (low BS, low PS, 11.4%), symptomatic but content (high BS, high PS, 11.4%) and troubled (low BS, high PS, 15%). The categorical results indicate that the problem and symptomatic groups obtained higher mean scores in trait worry, experiential and behavioral avoidance, and in turn, the symptomatic group scored higher in resistance to distress and in the more adaptive cognitive emotional regulation strategies; on the contrary, the vulnerable group obtained lower means in the latter. The results of the vulnerable and symptomatic groups confirm the coexistence of well-being and psychopathology. Conclusions: The promotion of subjective well-being is proposed when considering health in a more comprehensive way, because of its potential to generate profound and lasting benefits for individuals and the community in general.

Introducción: La regulación de las emociones implica modular las experiencias de las emociones para facilitar el logro de los objetivos, por el contrario, las dificultades en las mismas son un patrón de experiencias emocionales que interfieren con el comportamiento dirigido a un objetivo. Objetivos: Presentamos una aproximación al Modelo Bidimensional de Salud Mental (BDSM) que consideran la angustia psicológica y el bienestar subjetivo como dos dimensiones separadas pero relacionadas. Método: En una muestra es de 290 personas adultas de la comunidad, con un 55,2% mujeres y una media de edad de 28,6 (Dt = 12.0). Resultados: Los resultados confirman una estructura bidimensional de psicopatología (PS) y bienestar subjetivo (BS), negativamente relacionados. El modelo propone la clasificación en cuatro grupos atendiendo al resultado anterior, a saber, salud mental completa (BS alto, PS baja, 62,2%), vulnerable (BS bajo, PS baja, 11,4%), sintomático pero contento (BS alto, PS alta, 11,4%) y con problemas (BS bajo, PS alta, 15%). Los resultados señalan que los grupos con problemas y sintomáticos obtienen puntuaciones medias más elevadas en la preocupación rasgo, la evitación experiencial y conductual, y a su vez, el grupo sintomático puntúa más elevado en resistencia al malestar y en las estrategias de regulación emocional cognitivas más adaptativas. El grupo vulnerable obtiene medias más bajas en estas últimas. Los resultados de los grupos vulnerables y sintomáticos confirman la coexistencia del bienestar y la psicopatología. Conclusiones: Los resultados se discuten atendiendo a los estudios revisados, y dada la relevancia de las estrategias de regulación emocional en la satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia al malestar, se proponen tratamientos transdiagnósticos de la regulación de las emociones.

Distocia em tigre d'água-de-orelha-vermelha, Trachemys scripta elegans, wied (1839): relato de caso / Dystocia in red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta elegans, wied (1839): case report / Distocia en tortuga de orejas rojas, Trachemys scripta elegans, wied (1839): reporte de caso

Atualmente muitos répteis se tornaram animais de companhia e são mantidos como pet's exóticos. A espécie Trachemys scripta elegans, Wied (1839) é um animal exótico da América do Norte, sua identificação é realizada pelas marcas avermelhadas encontradas lateralmente a sua cabeça. Na rotina clínica as principais enfermidades que acometem os quelônios são as de origem reprodutiva, como a estase folicular e distocia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso recorrente de distocia em um tigre d'água fêmea, para isso, a anamnese, o histórico da paciente, e seus sinais clínicos, em conjunto com os exames complementares de imagem foram essenciais para se obter diagnóstico definitivo. O tratamento foi realizado com a indução medicamentosa utilizando borogluconato de cálcio, seguida da aplicação de ocitocina, esta trouxe resultados positivos para a eliminação dos ovos. Porém devido ao histórico do paciente, optou-se pela intervenção cirúrgica de ovariossalpingectomia, sendo está a maneira permanente de resolução da patologia. O protocolo terapêutico escolhido proporcionou um resultado satisfatório e bem estar ao animal.(AU)

Currently, many reptiles have become companion animals and are kept as exotic pets. The species Trachemys scripta elegans, Wied (1839) is an exotic animal from North America, and its identification is based on the reddish markings found laterally on its head. In routine clinical practice, the main diseases that affect chelonians are those of reproductive origin, such as follicular stasis and dystocia. The aim of this study was to report a recurrent case of dystocia in a female red-eared slider turtle. For this purpose, the patient's anamnesis, history, and clinical signs, along with complementary imaging exams, were essential to obtain a definitive diagnosis. The treatment involved medical induction using calcium borogluconate, followed by the administration of oxytocin, which yielded positive results in egg elimination. However, due to the patient's history, surgical intervention in the form of ovariosalpingectomy was chosen as the permanent solution to the pathology. The chosen therapeutic protocol provided a satisfactory outcome and improved the animal's well-being.(AU)

Actualmente muchos reptiles se han convertido en animales de compañía y se mantienen como mascotas exóticas. La especie Trachemys scripta elegans, Wied (1839) es un animal exótico de América del Norte, su identificación se realiza por las marcas rojizas que se encuentran lateralmente a su cabeza. En la rutina clínica, las principales enfermedades que afectan a los quelonios son las de origen reproductivo, como la estasis folicular y la distocia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue reportar un caso recurrente de distocia en una hembra de tigre de agua, para ello la anamnesis, la historia de la paciente y sus signos clínicos, junto con los exámenes imagenológicos complementarios fueron fundamentales para obtener un diagnóstico definitivo. El tratamiento se realizó con inducción farmacológica con borogluconato de calcio, seguido de la aplicación de oxitocina, que arrojó resultados positivos con la eliminación de huevos. Sin embargo, debido a los antecedentes de la paciente, se optó por la intervención quirúrgica de ovarialpingectomía, que es la forma definitiva de resolución de la patología. El protocolo terapéutico elegido proporcionó un resultado satisfactorio y bienestar al animal.(AU)

PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES BY YOUNG NURSING GRADUATES: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Nursing graduates face multifaceted issues, obstacles and problems that negatively affect the work environment and the psychological state of the nurse himself. A descriptive study using a Method: qualitative approach that included 216 nurses from central hospitals using a questionnaire and objective analysis as a data analysis method. We expect to ?nd a very large group that encountered dif?culties or obstacles that disturb and hinder Results: the progress of work and have a negative impact. As mentioned earlier, after applying the chosen method, the Discussions: information collected helped to take a closer look at the current situation of the nursing staff in the selected care centres.

El Modelo Bidimensional de Salud Mental: una aproximación empírica en una muestra de la población general

Introducción: La regulación de las emociones implica modular las experiencias de las emociones para facilitar el logro de los objetivos, por el contrario, las dificultades en las mismas son un patrón de experiencias emocionales que interfieren con el comportamiento dirigido a un objetivo. Objetivos: Presentamos una aproximación al Modelo Bidimensional de Salud Mental (BDSM) que consideran la angustia psicológica y el bienestar subjetivo como dos dimensiones separadas pero relacionadas. Método: En una muestra es de 290 personas adultas de la comunidad, con un 55,2% mujeres y una media de edad de 28,6 (Dt = 12.0). Resultados: Los resultados confirman una estructura bidimensional de psicopatología (PS) y bienestar subjetivo (BS), negativamente relacionados. El modelo propone la clasificación en cuatro grupos atendiendo al resultado anterior, a saber, salud mental completa (BS alto, PS baja, 62,2%), vulnerable (BS bajo, PS baja, 11,4%), sintomático pero contento (BS alto, PS alta, 11,4%) y con problemas (BS bajo, PS alta, 15%). Los resultados señalan que los grupos con problemas y sintomáticos obtienen puntuaciones medias más elevadas en la preocupación rasgo, la evitación experiencial y conductual, y a su vez, el grupo sintomático puntúa más elevado en resistencia al malestar y en las estrategias de regulación emocional cognitivas más adaptativas. El grupo vulnerable obtiene medias más bajas en estas últimas. Los resultados de los grupos vulnerables y sintomáticos confirman la coexistencia del bienestar y la psicopatología. Conclusiones: Los resultados se discuten atendiendo a los estudios revisados, y dada la relevancia de las estrategias de regulación emocional en la satisfacción con la vida y la resistencia al malestar, se proponen tratamientos transdiagnósticos de la regulación de las emociones.

Background: Comprehensive mental health research is proposed as an important resource for individual well-being, as opposed to indicators of psychopathology. Objectives: We present an approach to the Bidimensional Model of Mental Health (BDSM) that considers psychological distress and subjective well-being as two separate but related dimensions. Methods: In a sample of 290 adults from the community, with 55.2% women and a mean age of 28.6 (Dt = 12.0). Results: The continuous results confirm a two-dimensional structure of psychopathology (PS) and subjective well-being (BS). The proposed model proposes classification into four groups according to the above result, namely, complete mental health (high BS, low PS, 62.2%), vulnerable (low BS, low PS, 11.4%), symptomatic but content (high BS, high PS, 11.4%) and troubled (low BS, high PS, 15%). The categorical results indicate that the problem and symptomatic groups obtained higher mean scores in trait worry, experiential and behavioral avoidance, and in turn, the symptomatic group scored higher in resistance to distress and in the more adaptive cognitive emotional regulation strategies; on the contrary, the vulnerable group obtained lower means in the latter. The results of the vulnerable and symptomatic groups confirm the coexistence of well-being and psychopathology. Conclusions: The promotion of subjective well-being is proposed when considering health in a more comprehensive way, because of its potential to generate profound and lasting benefits for individuals and the community in general.

Tradução para a língua portuguesa da 11a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID-11) / The translation into Portuguese of the 11th International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11)

RESUMO A 11a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde representa um avanço no enfoque do conhecimento e em novas abordagens das doenças. A Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde é utilizada para diferentes finalidades práticas, possibilitando avaliação do avanço da agenda de saúde global, alocação de recursos, segurança do paciente, qualificação da assistência à saúde e reembolso de seguros de saúde. É inteiramente digital, com recursos tecnológicos que permitem sua atualização periódica. No início de 2022, a 11a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde entrou em vigência oficial, tendo sido disponibilizada em vários de seus idiomas oficiais, como o árabe, chinês, espanhol, francês e inglês. Apresenta-se aqui o processo de tradução para a língua portuguesa em uso no Brasil, coordenado pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, com apoio do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde. O trabalho foi realizado em três etapas entre agosto de 2021 e dezembro de 2022 por tradutores com diferentes formações: médicos especialistas (49), fisioterapeuta (1), farmacologista (1) e odontologista (1). Com este artigo metodológico, almeja-se ampliar a discussão de perspectivas para implementação da 11a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde no Brasil e construir uma oportunidade para sua adaptação e uso por outros países de língua oficial portuguesa.

ABSTRACT The 11th International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) represents an advance in the focus on knowledge and new disease approaches. The ICD is used for different practical purposes, enabling assessment of progress in the global health agenda, resource allocation, patient safety, health care qualification, and health insurance reimbursement. It is entirely digital, with technological resources that allow periodic updating. In early 2022, ICD-11 entered into official force, having been made available in several official ICD languages such as Arabic, Chinese, Spanish, French, and English. The translation process into Brazilian Portuguese, coordinated by the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), with support from the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS) and PAHO/WHO, is presented here. The work was carried out in three stages between August 2021 and December 2022 by translators with different backgrounds: medical specialists (49), physiotherapists (1), pharmacologists (1), and dentists (1). This methodological article aims to broaden the discussion of perspectives on implementing the ICD-11 in Brazil and build an opportunity for its adaptation and use by other Portuguese-speaking countries.

Orientação a pais por chamadas de áudio durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Support for parents via audio calls during the covid-19 pandemic / Orientación de los padres mediante llamadas de audio durante la pandemia de covid-19

O distanciamento social ocasionado pela pandemia de Covid-19 levou a profundas mudanças na rotina das famílias com crianças pequenas, aumentando o estresse no ambiente doméstico. Este estudo analisou a experiência de planejamento e implementação de um projeto de extensão universitária que ofereceu orientação a pais com filhos de 0 a 11 anos por meio de chamadas de áudio durante a pandemia. O protocolo de atendimento foi desenvolvido para atender às necessidades de famílias de baixa renda e listava problemas específicos relacionados ao confinamento em casa e ao fechamento das escolas seguidos por uma variedade de estratégias de enfrentamento. A análise de 223 queixas relatadas pelos usuários em 130 ligações revelou que 94% dos problemas referidos pelos pais foram contemplados pelo protocolo de atendimento e estavam relacionados aos problemas externalizantes (39%) ou internalizantes (26%) das crianças ou ao declínio do bem-estar subjetivo dos pais (29%). Serviços de apoio devem orientar os pais quanto ao uso de práticas responsivas e assertivas que promovam o bem-estar emocional da criança e estabeleçam expectativas comportamentais em contextos estressantes. A diminuição dos conflitos entre pais e filhos resultante do uso dessas estratégias tende a reduzir o sofrimento dos pais, aumentando sua sensação de bem-estar subjetivo. Recomenda-se ampla divulgação dessas iniciativas e seguimento dos casos.(AU)

The social distancing the COVID-19 pandemic entailed has led to profound changes in the routine of families with young children, increasing stress in the home environment. This study analyzed the experience of planning and implementing a university extension program that offered support to parents with children from 0 to 11 years old via audio calls during the COVID-19 pandemic. The service protocol was developed to meet the needs of low-income families and listed specific problems related to home confinement and school closure followed by a variety of coping strategies. The analysis of 223 complaints reported by users in 130 calls revealed that 94% of the problems reported by parents were addressed by the protocol and were related to children's externalizing (39%) or internalizing (26%) problems or to the decline in parents' subjective well-being (29%). Support services should guide parents on the use of responsive and assertive practices that promote the child's emotional well-being and set behavioral expectations in stressful contexts. The reduction in conflicts between parents and children resulting from the use of these strategies tends to reduce parents' suffering, increasing their sense of subjective well-being. Wide dissemination of these initiatives and case follow-up are recommended.(AU)

La distancia social causada por la pandemia de COVID-19 condujo a cambios profundos en la rutina de las familias con niños pequeños, aumentando el estrés en el entorno del hogar. Este estudio analizó la experiencia de planificar e implementar un proyecto de extensión universitaria que ofreció orientación a los padres con niños de cero a 11 años a través de llamadas de audio durante la pandemia COVID-19. El protocolo de atención se desarrolló para satisfacer las necesidades de las familias de bajos ingresos y enumeró problemas específicos relacionados con el confinamiento en el hogar y el cierre de la escuela, seguido de una variedad de estrategias de afrontamiento. El análisis de 223 quejas informadas por los usuarios en 130 llamadas reveló que el 94% de los problemas informados por los padres fueron abordados por el protocolo de atención y estaban relacionados con los problemas de externalización (39%) o internalización (26%) de los niños o la disminución del bienestar subjetivo de los padres (29%). Los servicios de apoyo deberían aconsejar a los padres sobre el uso de prácticas receptivas y asertivas que promuevan el bienestar emocional del niño y establezcan expectativas de comportamiento en contextos estresantes. La reducción de los conflictos entre padres e hijos como resultado del uso de estas estrategias tiende a reducir el sufrimiento de los padres, aumentando su sensación de bienestar subjetivo. Se recomienda una amplia difusión de estas iniciativas y seguimiento de casos.(AU)

Masturbación compulsiva en adolescente / Compulsive Masturbation in Adolescents

Introducción: La masturbación compulsiva provoca una cascada de sentimientos y emociones que pueden recorrer desde la culpabilidad y el rechazo a la satisfacción hasta el bienestar más placentero y deseado. Objetivo: Exponer una forma de presentación poco frecuente de un adolescente con masturbación compulsiva. Presentación del caso: Adolescente masculino de 14 años de edad, de procedencia rural y antecedentes de salud física. Evaluado en consulta de psiquiatría infanto - juvenil por realizar masturbaciones en sitios públicos, que resultaban cada vez más frecuentes, y al final de esta se producía expulsión de materia fecal. Los estudios clínicos y psicométricos confirmaron el diagnóstico de masturbación compulsiva. Conclusiones: El tratamiento se basó en el modelo cognitivo-conductual y farmacológico con imipramina. Se disminuyó la frecuencia e intensidad, así como la duración de la conducta problema. El caso clínico expuesto resulta de interés por ser poco frecuente la presencia de este trastorno dentro de la población adolescente(AU)

Introduction: Compulsive masturbation provokes a cascade of feelings and emotions that can range from guilt and refusal to satisfaction to the most pleasurable and desired well-being. Aim: To present a rare presentation of an adolescent with compulsive masturbation. Case presentation: 14-year-old male adolescent from a rural area with a history of previous physical health. He was evaluated in a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic for masturbation in public places, which became increasingly frequent and ended with the expulsion of fecal matter. Clinical and psychometric studies confirmed the diagnosis of compulsive masturbation. Conclusions: Treatment was based on the cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological model with imipramine. The frequency and intensity, as well as the duration of the problem behavior was reduced. The clinical case presented was of interest due to the infrequent presence of this disorder in the adolescent population(AU)